Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body does not produce enough or any insulin, and/or is unable to properly utilize the insulin it produces. It is diagnosed by measuring the level of glucose in the blood.
A fasting blood glucose test is the most commonly used method to diagnose diabetes. This test measures the level of glucose in the blood after an 8-hour fast. A normal result is less than 100 mg/dL, while a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher is considered diabetes. A second test may be required to confirm the diagnosis if the results are between the normal levels and diabetes.
Other tests that may be used to diagnose diabetes include an oral glucose tolerance test, a random blood glucose test, a glycated hemoglobin test, and a urine test.
Once diabetes is diagnosed, the treatment options depend on the type of diabetes. For type 1 diabetes, treatment usually involves insulin replacement therapy, lifestyle changes, and healthy eating. Type 2 diabetes can be managed with lifestyle changes, healthy eating, and medication. Some medications used to treat type 2 diabetes include metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones.
In addition to medications, other treatments for diabetes include monitoring blood sugar levels, participating in regular physical activity, and taking supplements as recommended. It is important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for each individual person living with diabetes.