Retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer that affects the retina, a layer of tissue at the back of the eye. It is the most common form of eye cancer in children, and it is often diagnosed in children between the ages of one and three.
The most common way to diagnose retinoblastoma in a child is through an ophthalmological exam. During this exam, the doctor will look for signs of a tumor, such as a white or yellowish growth in the pupil of the eye or a change in the shape of the eye. If the doctor suspects a tumor, they may use an ophthalmoscope to further examine the eye.
In addition to an ophthalmological exam, an imaging test such as an ultrasound or CT scan may also be used to diagnose retinoblastoma. These tests can help the doctor to get a better look at the tumor and determine its size and location.
If the doctor suspects retinoblastoma, they may also perform a biopsy. During this procedure, a small sample of the tumor is taken and examined under a microscope. This can provide more information about the type of tumor that is present and whether it is cancerous.
Finally, a genetic test may be used to confirm a diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This test looks for mutations in certain genes that are linked to a higher risk of retinoblastoma.
Early diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma is important to ensure the best possible outcome. If you have any concerns about your child’s vision or eye health, it’s important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible.