Head and neck cancer is a complex and serious type of cancer that can be fatal if left untreated. It is estimated that over 500,000 people around the world are diagnosed with head and neck cancer every year and that approximately 200,000 of those cases result in death. The cause of this type of cancer is often unknown, but it is believed to be linked to environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and exposure to certain chemicals.
Risk Factors
Various risk factors have been identified that increase the chances of being diagnosed with head and neck cancer. These risk factors include: age, certain genetic conditions, certain viral infections, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking alcohol. Other factors that are believed to increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer include poor oral hygiene, exposure to certain chemicals, and certain occupational exposures.
Symptoms
The symptoms of head and neck cancer can vary depending on the type of cancer and the location of the tumor. Common symptoms include persistent or recurring sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, lumps in the mouth or throat, and unexplained bleeding from the mouth or nose. If any of these symptoms are present, it is important to seek medical attention.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of head and neck cancer typically involves a physical exam, imaging tests, and tissue samples. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans can help doctors determine the size and location of the tumor. Tissue samples are taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope to help determine the type of cancer.
Treatment
The treatment for head and neck cancer will vary depending on the type of cancer and the stage of the disease. Surgery is often used to remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue. In some cases, radiation and chemotherapy may also be used.
Outlook
The prognosis for head and neck cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of cancer, and how well the treatment works. Early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a successful outcome. However, if the cancer is not detected early or is not treated effectively, it can be fatal.