Heart failure is a serious condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood throughout the body. It can be caused by a number of different factors, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and certain heart rhythm disturbances. The condition can also be caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity. In some cases, heart failure begins gradually, while in others it can occur suddenly and require emergency care.
Causes of Heart Failure
The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease, which occurs when fatty deposits build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Over time, the deposits can narrow the arteries, reducing the amount of blood and oxygen that the heart receives. This can cause the heart to become weak and less able to pump effectively.
High blood pressure can also lead to heart failure. When the pressure is too high, it can cause the heart to become overworked and unable to pump an adequate amount of blood.
Heart rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation, can also cause heart failure. These disturbances can cause the heart to beat too quickly or in an irregular pattern, which can reduce its ability to pump efficiently.
Lifestyle factors can also play a role in the development of heart failure. Smoking, for example, can cause the arteries to narrow, reducing the amount of blood and oxygen that the heart receives. Obesity can also increase the risk of heart failure, as it can cause the heart to become overworked.
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure
The signs and symptoms of heart failure can vary, depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Other symptoms may include chest pain, coughing, and dizziness.
Diagnosing Heart Failure
If you suspect that you may have heart failure, it is important to get evaluated by a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Diagnosing heart failure typically involves a physical exam and a number of tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and chest X-ray. These tests can help your doctor determine the cause of your symptoms and determine the best course of treatment.
Treating Heart Failure
Treatment for heart failure typically includes lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Medications may also be prescribed to help reduce symptoms and improve the function of the heart. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart tissue.
Heart failure is a serious condition, but with proper treatment it is possible to manage its symptoms and improve your quality of life. If you suspect that you may have heart failure, it is important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible.