Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating followed by compensatory behavior such as self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise. It is estimated that between 0.5% and 1.5% of young women and 0.1% of young men suffer from bulimia, though prevalence may be higher due to underreporting.
Bulimia usually begins in early adolescence, often between the ages of 12 and 25. Most typically, bulimia begins with a diet to lose weight or to gain control over one’s body. This dieting may then become more restrictive, leading to binge eating. Over time, the binges become more frequent and the person begins to use compensatory behaviors to counteract the calories consumed.
The causes of bulimia are complex and are thought to involve a combination of psychological, biological, and environmental factors. Psychologically, people with bulimia may have low self-esteem, difficulty coping with stress, and a fear of abandonment. They may also be perfectionistic and struggle to accept their imperfections. Biologically, there may be a genetic predisposition to bulimia, and environmental factors such as cultural pressures to be thin may also play a role.
Bulimia can have serious physical and psychological consequences. It can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, damaged teeth and gums, and even death. Those suffering from bulimia may also be at risk for anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. If you or someone you know is struggling with bulimia, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional. Treatment usually involves both individual and group therapy, and medications may be prescribed to treat any associated depression or anxiety. With the right help, it is possible to overcome bulimia and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.