Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder resulting from excess growth hormone (GH) production in the body. It is characterized by abnormal enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features. Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland, although it can also be caused by other types of tumors or diseases.
Causes of Acromegaly
The most common cause of acromegaly is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland, known as an adenoma. These tumors can cause the pituitary gland to overproduce growth hormone, leading to an excess of GH in the body. In rare cases, the condition can also be caused by a tumor outside of the pituitary gland, such as in the lungs or pancreas. Other causes of acromegaly include abnormal growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) production, genetic mutations, and certain medications.
Symptoms of Acromegaly
The most common symptom of acromegaly is abnormal enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features. Other symptoms may include protruding jaw, enlarged tongue, deepened voice, thickening of the skin, joint pain, excessive sweating, and fatigue. Acromegaly can also cause vision problems, headaches, and increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other serious health conditions.
Diagnosis of Acromegaly
Acromegaly is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, physical exams, and imaging tests. Blood tests measure the level of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the body. Physical exams may reveal enlargement of the hands and feet and other facial features. Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, can help to identify tumors in the pituitary gland or other areas of the body.
Treatment of Acromegaly
Treatment for acromegaly typically involves surgery to remove the tumor causing the condition. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor. Medications, such as somatostatin analogs, may also be used to reduce GH production. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be necessary to control the condition.