Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder that is caused by an excess production of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. The primary symptom of acromegaly is an abnormal enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features. It is associated with a range of serious health complications, including those that affect the respiratory system.
The most common respiratory complication of acromegaly is sleep apnea, a condition in which a person's breathing stops and starts multiple times during sleep. This is often caused by enlarged tonsils, adenoids, or the soft palate of the throat blocking the airway. Other symptoms of sleep apnea can include snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Acromegaly can also cause abnormalities in the lungs, such as air trapping, which occurs when air remains in the lungs and is unable to be exhaled. This can lead to breathing difficulties, chest tightness, wheezing, and increased risk of respiratory infections. Additionally, acromegaly can cause an enlargement of the larynx, which can lead to hoarseness and difficulty speaking.
Early diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly is important in order to prevent the development of serious respiratory complications. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce GH production, as well as surgery to take out the tumor in the pituitary gland. In some cases, radiation therapy may also be used. With effective treatment, the symptoms of acromegaly can be reduced and the risk of respiratory complications can be lowered.