Septic Shock: Definition and Causes
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when a severe infection causes a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to organ failure and death. It is caused by an infection that releases toxins into the bloodstream, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure.
Bacteria: Bacterial infections are the most common cause of septic shock. The most common bacteria that can cause septic shock are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (staph), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
Viruses: Viral infections can also cause septic shock. The most common viruses that can cause septic shock are herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Fungi: Fungal infections can also cause septic shock. The most common fungi that can cause septic shock are Candida albicans (a type of yeast) and Aspergillus species (a type of mold).
Parasites: Parasitic infections can also cause septic shock. The most common parasites that can cause septic shock are Entamoeba histolytica (a type of protozoan) and Toxoplasma gondii (a type of parasite).
Other Causes: Other causes of septic shock include trauma, burns, and injection drug use.
Symptoms and Complications
The symptoms of septic shock can vary depending on the cause. Common symptoms include fever, chills, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, confusion, and dizziness. If left untreated, septic shock can lead to organ failure and death.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Septic shock is a medical emergency and should be treated immediately. Diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. Blood tests, urine tests, and imaging tests may also be used to diagnose septic shock. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the underlying infection, fluids to maintain blood pressure, and medications to support organ function.
Prevention
The best way to prevent septic shock is to practice good hygiene and to seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above. Vaccines can also help prevent certain infections that can lead to septic shock.