Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD
In order to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a person must meet certain criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These criteria include:
Exposure to a traumatic event: A person must have been exposed to a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, rape or another violent personal assault, in order to be diagnosed with PTSD.
Re-experiencing symptoms: The person must have re-experiencing symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, and intense psychological distress when exposed to triggering events.
Avoidance: The person must have avoidance symptoms, such as avoiding thinking or talking about the traumatic event, avoiding situations that remind them of the traumatic event, and feeling emotionally numb.
Negative thoughts and mood: The person must have negative thoughts and moods associated with the traumatic event, such as feeling hopeless, detached, or irritable, and having difficulty remembering important aspects of the event.
Arousal and reactivity: The person must have physiological reactions, such as difficulty sleeping, being easily startled, and having difficulty concentrating.
In addition, the symptoms must be present for at least one month and cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of life.