Aplastic anemia is a rare and serious condition that affects the body's ability to make new blood cells. It is caused by damage to the bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy tissue in the center of the bones that makes new blood cells. As a result, the body does not produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
The most common symptoms of aplastic anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and enlarged lymph nodes. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor for further testing.
If aplastic anemia is suspected, the doctor will likely order a complete blood count (CBC) test and a peripheral blood smear. The CBC test will measure the number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood. The peripheral blood smear will check for any abnormalities in the size, shape, and number of the blood cells.
If the doctor suspects aplastic anemia, they may order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include a bone marrow biopsy, which involves taking a sample of bone marrow and examining it under a microscope; a clotting test, which checks how well the blood clots; a genetic test, which looks for any abnormalities in the genes that may be causing the condition; and a thyroid test, which checks for any thyroid issues.
Finally, if aplastic anemia is confirmed, the doctor may recommend a course of treatment. This could include medications to stimulate the bone marrow, a bone marrow transplant, or other treatments.
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of aplastic anemia, it is important to see a doctor for further testing. A prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for proper treatment and a good outcome.