Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia that occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than they can be produced. This destruction of RBCs can be caused by a variety of medical conditions and treatments.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
There are many possible causes of hemolytic anemia, including:
• Inherited disorders: Certain hereditary conditions can cause hemolytic anemia, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
• Autoimmune disorders: Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can cause the body to produce antibodies that attack its own red blood cells.
• Infections: Some infections, such as malaria or bacterial infections, can cause hemolytic anemia.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, can cause hemolytic anemia.
• Blood transfusions: Receiving blood that is not compatible with your own blood type can cause your body to destroy its own red blood cells.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
To diagnose hemolytic anemia, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. They may also order a complete blood count (CBC), which can measure your red blood cell count and other factors.
Your doctor may also order tests to determine the cause of the hemolytic anemia, such as a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) or a reticulocyte count.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
The treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the cause of the condition. Treatment may include medications, blood transfusions, or other treatments.
Your doctor may also recommend lifestyle changes to manage the symptoms of hemolytic anemia, such as avoiding strenuous activities and getting plenty of rest.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a spleen or other organ that is causing the anemia.