Getting a typical pneumonia usually involves being exposed to a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus. This bacterium is present in many environments, including in the air we breathe, but it is usually harmless.
However, if the pneumococcus bacteria enter the lungs, it can cause pneumonia. This can happen when someone breathes in droplets of the bacteria that have been coughed or sneezed out by someone else with the infection. It can also occur when someone touches something contaminated with the bacteria and then touches their mouth or nose.
In some cases, a person may be more susceptible to getting pneumonia if they have a weakened immune system, a chronic medical condition, or have recently been exposed to certain chemicals or toxins.
Once a person is infected, the symptoms of pneumonia can start to appear. These may include a fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing, and a productive cough with thick, discolored mucus. In some cases, the person may also experience fatigue, chills, nausea, and vomiting.
If pneumonia is suspected, a doctor will usually order a physical exam, chest X-ray, and other tests to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment may involve antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and in some cases, hospitalization. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure a full recovery.