Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. It is important to identify and diagnose aplastic anemia early to begin treatment and prevent further complications.
To determine if a person has aplastic anemia, their doctor will likely perform a physical examination, ask about their medical history, and order laboratory tests.
The physical examination will include a complete blood count (CBC), a measure of the amount of red and white blood cells and platelets present in the blood. A low number of any of these may be a sign of aplastic anemia.
The doctor may also order additional tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy. This is a procedure in which a sample of bone marrow is taken and examined for signs of aplastic anemia. It is the most reliable way to diagnose the condition.
The doctor may also order other tests, such as a peripheral blood smear, to look for signs of aplastic anemia. The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or MRI, to look for signs of bone marrow failure.
If aplastic anemia is suspected, the doctor may order a PNH test, which is a blood test that looks for a certain type of red blood cell that is associated with aplastic anemia.
Once aplastic anemia is confirmed, the doctor will discuss treatment options with the patient. Treatment options may include medications, bone marrow or stem cell transplants, and supportive care.
It is important to identify and diagnose aplastic anemia early in order to begin treatment and prevent further complications. If you have any signs or symptoms of aplastic anemia, it is important to see your doctor right away.