Ovarian cancer is a difficult condition to diagnose, as many of its symptoms are often shared with other medical conditions. To confirm a diagnosis of ovarian cancer, a variety of tests may be used.
The most common test for ovarian cancer is a pelvic examination. During this examination, a doctor may feel for any lumps or changes in the shape of the ovaries. They may also take a Pap test to look for any abnormal cells.
The next step in confirming a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is usually an ultrasound scan. This scan helps the doctor to look for any changes in the size or shape of the ovaries. It can also help to detect any fluid buildup in the abdomen or pelvis, which can be a sign of ovarian cancer.
Blood tests may also be used to look for biomarkers that are associated with ovarian cancer. These include CA-125, which is a protein found in the blood of many women with ovarian cancer. A high level of CA-125 in the blood can indicate the presence of ovarian cancer.
If these tests suggest that ovarian cancer may be present, then further tests may be done. For example, a biopsy may be carried out to remove a small sample of tissue from the ovaries and examine it for cancerous cells.
If a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is confirmed, then further tests may be done to determine the stage of the cancer and the best treatment options. This may include a CT scan, MRI, or PET scan.
In conclusion, confirming a diagnosis of ovarian cancer can involve a variety of tests, including a pelvic examination, ultrasound scan, blood tests, and biopsy. If a diagnosis is confirmed, then further tests may be done to help determine the best treatment plan.