Arteries and blood vessels are cleaned through a process known as endothelial cell renewal. Endothelial cells line the walls of arteries and veins and play an important role in regulating blood flow, blood pressure, and providing a smooth surface for the blood to flow through. The endothelial cells are constantly being replaced and repaired through the process of cell renewal, which is a process of breaking down and rebuilding the endothelial cells.
The endothelial cells are constantly being damaged by the passage of cholesterol, triglycerides, and other substances through the vessel walls. This damage causes the cells to become weak and break down, leading to lesions in the walls of the vessels. The body responds by sending specialized cells called macrophages to the area to clean up the debris of the damaged cells. These macrophages scavenge the debris and stimulate the growth of new endothelial cells, which helps to restore the smooth lining of the vessels.
In addition to the macrophage cells, other processes are involved in endothelial cell renewal. Specialized proteins called growth factors are released by the endothelial cells, which help to stimulate the growth of new cells. Additionally, the body releases hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, which also help to promote the growth of new endothelial cells.
Finally, the immune system plays an important role in endothelial cell renewal. When the body senses damage to the endothelial cells, it releases specialized immune cells called lymphocytes, which help to fight off the invading substances and also help to promote the growth of new cells.
By combining the mechanisms of macrophage scavenging, growth factor release, hormone release, and immune system activation, the body is able to effectively clean the walls of arteries and veins and restore the smooth lining of the vessels. This process of endothelial cell renewal helps to keep the blood vessels healthy and functioning properly.