The anthrax attacks of 2001 were a series of bioterrorist attacks that occurred in the United States. The attacks began on September 18, 2001 and lasted until November 21, 2001. They involved the mailing of letters containing anthrax spores to various media outlets and two U.S. Senators.
The perpetrator of the attacks is believed to be Bruce Edward Ivins, an American microbiologist who worked at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick, Maryland. Ivins had been researching a number of different anthrax strains, including the Ames strain, which was used in the attacks.
The attacks began when letters containing anthrax spores were sent to several media outlets, including NBC, ABC, CBS, the New York Post and the National Enquirer. The letters were postmarked from Trenton, New Jersey and addressed to the news outlets.
Two weeks later, on October 9, a second round of letters were sent to two U.S. Senators, Tom Daschle of South Dakota and Patrick Leahy of Vermont. Both letters were postmarked from Trenton, New Jersey and contained highly refined and weaponized anthrax spores.
The attacks resulted in 22 cases of anthrax infection, of which 5 were fatal. It also caused a widespread panic in the United States and led to a major investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
The investigation soon focused on Ivins, as his work at USAMRIID involved the same strain of anthrax used in the attacks. He was placed under surveillance and his home was searched. In July 2008, he committed suicide, and it was later revealed that he had been a suspect in the investigation.
The FBI officially closed the case in 2010, concluding that Ivins was solely responsible for the attacks.