Testicular cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer, but it is the most common cancer in men between the ages of 15 and 35. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 8,430 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in 2020, and about 410 men will die of the disease. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, with a cure rate of more than 95% for most types.
Risk Factors
Although the exact cause of testicular cancer is not known, there are several risk factors associated with the disease. Men with an undescended testicle, a family history of testicular cancer, or a history of prior testicular cancer are at higher risk. Other risk factors include a history of mumps orchitis, HIV infection, and certain genetic conditions.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in the scrotum. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, pain or discomfort, and a change in the size or shape of the testicles.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If testicular cancer is suspected, a doctor will perform a physical exam and may order additional tests such as a blood test, ultrasound, or biopsy. Treatment for testicular cancer typically involves surgery to remove the affected testicle, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
Prevention
The best way to prevent testicular cancer is to be aware of the risk factors and to practice self-exams. Men should perform regular self-exams of their testicles, checking for any lumps or changes in size or shape. If any changes are noticed, they should be reported to a doctor right away.