Addison's Disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder of the adrenal glands, the glands responsible for releasing hormones that help the body function properly. If someone has Addison's disease, they will have a significantly reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone, hormones that help regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and metabolism.
The most common signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, salt cravings, muscle weakness, and darkening of the skin. These symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the amount of hormone production.
If someone is suspected of having Addison's disease, a doctor may order blood tests to check for cortisol and aldosterone levels. They may also order a CT scan or MRI to look for any abnormalities or tumors in the adrenal glands. A doctor may also order a physical exam to look for darkening of the skin and other physical signs of the disease.
If a doctor suspects Addison's disease, they may refer the patient to an endocrinologist for further testing. The endocrinologist may order a dexamethasone suppression test to further diagnose the condition. This test involves taking a steroid medication and then measuring the patient's cortisol levels before and after the medication. If the cortisol levels drop significantly, it is an indication of Addison's disease.
In some cases, Addison's disease may be diagnosed without any tests. If a patient has classic symptoms of the condition, such as fatigue, low blood pressure, salt cravings, and darkening of the skin, a doctor may diagnose the condition based on the patient's physical examination and symptoms.
Addison's disease is a serious condition and should be treated as soon as possible. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications, such as low blood pressure, dehydration, shock, coma, and even death. Treatment usually includes hormone replacement therapy, as well as lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly.