Diagnosis
To determine whether a tumor is cancerous or benign, the doctor will need to examine a sample of the tumor cells under a microscope. This is known as a biopsy. Depending on the type of tumor, the biopsy may involve taking a sample of the cells directly from the tumor, or taking a piece of the tumor itself. The biopsy can then be analyzed by a pathologist, who can determine if the cells are cancerous.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, can also be used to help diagnose a tumor. These tests can show the size and location of the tumor, as well as any nearby lymph nodes that may be affected by the cancer.
Lab Tests
Lab tests, such as a blood test or urine test, may also be used to help diagnose a tumor. These tests can measure the levels of certain proteins or other substances in the body that are produced by cancer cells. They can also be used to measure the levels of certain hormones or other substances that can be affected by cancer.
Treatment
Once it is determined that a tumor is cancerous, the doctor will then determine the best course of treatment. This may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of these treatments. The treatment plan will depend on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.