Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a bone is disrupted, leading to bone death. It can affect any bone in the body, but most commonly affects the bones in the hip, knee, and shoulder. The condition can be extremely painful and can lead to joint damage, disability, and, in some cases, permanent disability.
What Causes Avascular Necrosis?
Avascular necrosis is caused by an interruption in the blood supply to the bone, which can be due to a variety of factors. Common causes include trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation, certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, lupus, and sickle cell anemia, and certain medications, such as steroids, blood thinners, and chemotherapy drugs.
How Is Avascular Necrosis Diagnosed?
Avascular necrosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, X-rays, and MRI scans. X-rays will show the bone changes that occur due to the lack of blood supply, while MRI scans can reveal the extent of the damage to the bone.
What Are the Symptoms of Avascular Necrosis?
The symptoms of avascular necrosis can range from mild to severe, depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include joint pain and stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion.
How Is Avascular Necrosis Treated?
Treatment for avascular necrosis depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Mild cases may be treated with rest and anti-inflammatory medications, while more severe cases may require surgery, such as joint replacement or core decompression.