Chiari malformation (CM) is a neurological disorder caused by a structural defect in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. It is a congenital condition, meaning that it is present at birth. The condition occurs when the cerebellum and parts of the brain stem extend into the spinal canal. This can cause pressure on the brain and spinal cord, leading to a host of symptoms and complications.
The severity of Chiari can vary from mild to severe. Mild CM typically does not cause any symptoms and may go undetected until adulthood, if at all. Severe CM, however, can lead to a variety of health problems, including headaches, muscle weakness, balance problems, and difficulty swallowing or speaking. It can also cause numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, and face. In more severe cases, Chiari can cause hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain), seizures, difficulty breathing, and even paralysis.
Chiari can be managed with medications, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgery. Surgery is usually reserved for severe cases and is often used to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord. If left untreated, Chiari can cause long-term health problems, such as chronic pain, cognitive difficulties, and even paralysis. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you or your child shows any signs or symptoms of Chiari.