Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. While there is no cure for lupus, treatments can help manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. There is no single test that can definitively diagnose lupus, and diagnosis is often based on a combination of symptoms, physical exams, and lab tests.
What Causes Lupus?
Lupus is an autoimmune disease, meaning that it is caused by the body attacking itself. The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but it is believed to be genetic, environmental, and hormonal. The immune system is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses, but in lupus, the immune system is activated when there is no threat. This leads to inflammation and tissue damage.
What Are the Symptoms of Lupus?
The symptoms of lupus can vary widely from person to person. Common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, fever, rash, hair loss, and mouth sores. Other symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and swollen lymph nodes.
How Is Lupus Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of lupus is based on a combination of physical exams, lab tests, and patient history. Blood tests such as complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody test, and antiphospholipid antibody test can help to diagnose lupus. A doctor may also order imaging tests such as X-rays or an ultrasound to look for inflammation or organ damage.
How Is Lupus Treated?
The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and inflammation. Treatment may include lifestyle changes such as increasing exercise and avoiding exposure to sunlight. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants may also be used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair organ damage.