Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. It is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which is responsible for making a protein called adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). ALDP is involved in the breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). Without it, these fatty acids build up in the body and can damage the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system.
Preventing ALD
Unfortunately, there is currently no known way to prevent ALD. However, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition. These include:
• Getting genetic testing for the ABCD1 gene mutation. If a person has the mutation, they can take steps to reduce their risk of developing ALD.
• Avoiding environmental toxins, such as lead, that can damage the nervous system.
• Eating a healthy diet that is low in saturated fats and rich in essential fatty acids.
• Taking vitamins and minerals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, that can help reduce the risk of ALD.
• Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight.
Treating ALD
If a person does develop ALD, there are treatments available to help slow the progression of the disease. These include:
• Medications that can slow the buildup of VLCFA in the body.
• Stem cell transplantation, which can help replace damaged cells in the brain and spinal cord.
• Dietary changes, such as a low-fat diet, that can help reduce the risk of ALD.
• Physical and occupational therapy to help maintain muscle strength and function.
• Surgery to help reduce the risk of complications from ALD.
• Genetic counseling to help people understand their risk of passing ALD on to their children.
There is currently no cure for ALD, but treatments can help reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.