Yes, transverse myelitis can be caused by an unknown cause. Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord, which can lead to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The inflammation typically affects both sides of the spinal cord, resulting in a “transverse” pattern of injury.
The exact cause of transverse myelitis is not always known, and in some cases it is classified as “idiopathic,” meaning the cause is unknown. However, it can also be caused by a variety of known conditions, including infections (such as herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, West Nile virus, HIV, Lyme disease, and others), autoimmune disorders (such as multiple sclerosis, lupus, and myasthenia gravis), and other conditions (such as sarcoidosis, Behcet’s disease, and vasculitis).
When the cause of transverse myelitis is unknown, it is important to identify any possible risk factors or underlying conditions that may have contributed to the development of the disorder. A thorough medical history and physical examination, along with diagnostic tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord, lumbar puncture (spinal tap), and blood tests, can help to determine the cause. In some cases, further testing may be necessary to rule out other possible causes of the disorder.
The treatment for transverse myelitis depends on the underlying cause, if one is identified. In the case of an unknown cause, treatment usually consists of medications to reduce inflammation, pain, and spasticity, as well as physical and occupational therapy to help improve mobility and function. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy or a plasma exchange may be used to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.