Chilblains, also known as pernio, are painful inflammatory lesions that occur when skin is exposed to cold temperatures. They typically affect the hands, feet, nose, and ears and are characterized by redness, itching, and swelling. While chilblains are most common in people who are exposed to cold temperatures for long periods of time, they can also affect healthy people who are not used to cold weather.
In healthy people, chilblains are usually caused by sudden exposure to cold temperatures. This could involve going from a warm environment to a cold one, or simply being exposed to cold air for too long. Chilblains can also be caused by wearing ill-fitting shoes or socks, or by having poor circulation.
The symptoms of chilblains are similar to those of frostbite: redness, swelling, itching, and pain. In some cases, blisters may form on the affected area. These symptoms typically appear within a few days of exposure to cold temperatures and will usually resolve on their own within a few weeks.
To prevent chilblains, it is important to protect oneself from cold temperatures. This can be done by wearing warm, water-resistant clothing, avoiding tight-fitting footwear, and avoiding exposure to cold air for long periods of time. Additionally, people with poor circulation should make sure to take measures to improve their circulation, as this can help to prevent chilblains.
In summary, healthy people can get chilblains if they are exposed to cold temperatures for too long. To prevent this, it is important to wear warm clothing and avoid long periods of exposure to cold air. Additionally, people with poor circulation should take steps to improve their circulation.