Yes, a thyroid test can detect Graves disease. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and it is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The thyroid test measures the amount of thyroid hormones in the blood and can detect if there is an abnormally high level of hormone. When Graves disease is present, the thyroid test will show an increase in the levels of T3 and T4, which are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Additionally, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) will be decreased, and this is an indication of an overactive thyroid. Other tests, such as a thyroid scan or an antithyroid antibody test, may be used to confirm the diagnosis of Graves disease.
It is important to note that thyroid tests alone cannot diagnose Graves disease. Other tests, such as a physical exam, a medical history, and imaging tests, may be necessary to make a diagnosis. Additionally, other conditions, such as an iodine deficiency, may cause an increase in thyroid hormones, so it is important to rule out other potential causes.
If a thyroid test indicates that there is an abnormally high level of thyroid hormones, further testing is necessary to determine the cause. If Graves disease is suspected, treatment may include medications, such as antithyroid drugs, to reduce the production of thyroid hormones, or radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid gland. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the thyroid gland.