Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a long-term pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others. It is often referred to as psychopathy or sociopathy in popular culture. People with ASPD often lack empathy and tend to be callous, cynical, and contemptuous of the feelings, rights, and sufferings of others.
Types of Antisocial Personality Disorder
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) lists two types of ASPD: Primary and Secondary.
Primary ASPD is characterized by a lifelong pattern of behavior that begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is stable over time. People with primary ASPD have a sense of entitlement and are often manipulative and deceitful. They may be impulsive and have difficulty managing their emotions.
Secondary ASPD is more common and is associated with other mental health disorders, such as substance use disorder, anxiety, and depression. People with secondary ASPD may have fewer symptoms or a less severe form of the disorder than those with primary ASPD. They may also have more insight into their behavior and be more willing to seek treatment.
Risk Factors
Studies suggest that multiple factors may contribute to the development of ASPD, including genetics, environmental influences, and traumatic experiences. People with a family history of mental illness, substance use disorder, and criminal behavior may be at higher risk for developing ASPD.
Diagnosis and Treatment
ASPD is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation and a review of symptoms. Treatment for ASPD may include psychotherapy, medications, and lifestyle changes. It is important for people with ASPD to receive comprehensive care to help them manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.