Chilblains, also known as pernio, are small, itchy, and painful lesions caused by exposure to cold temperatures. They typically occur on the extremities, such as the fingers, toes, nose, and ears, and can be very uncomfortable.
While the exact cause of chilblains is unknown, it is believed that poor circulation is a major contributing factor. When exposed to cold temperatures, blood vessels in the skin constrict, reducing the amount of blood flow to that area. When the area is later rewarmed, the increased blood flow causes inflammation and swelling of the vessels, resulting in chilblains.
Poor circulation is often associated with underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, lupus, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. In addition, certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking, obesity, and a lack of exercise, can also lead to poor circulation. All of these can increase the risk of developing chilblains.
Chilblains can be treated with topical creams or ointments to reduce itching and inflammation. In more severe cases, medications such as corticosteroids may be prescribed. Keeping the affected area warm and avoiding cold temperatures can also help to prevent chilblains from developing or worsening.
In conclusion, chilblains are believed to be caused, at least in part, by poor circulation. People with medical conditions or lifestyle factors that can lead to poor circulation are more likely to develop chilblains. Treatment usually involves topical creams and ointments, as well as avoiding cold temperatures.