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Chilblains are caused by inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin when exposed to cold temperatures. This is usually due to inadequate insulation from the cold as well as poor circulation. Other possible causes include changes in hormones, certain medical conditions, and nutritional...

Anthrax does not have a distinct smell, as the bacteria does not produce gasses. However, when anthrax spores are grown in a laboratory, the cultures have a musty odor similar to wet hay. If an infected animal is present, it may have a sweet, putrid smell from the decaying flesh. In addition...

Appendicitis should be suspected when there is a sharp pain in the lower right abdomen that increases over time, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. Other symptoms may include constipation or diarrhea, abdominal bloating, or abdominal tenderness. Appendicitis can also...

Chiari malformation is a congenital defect in the brain where the cerebellum is pushed down into the spinal canal. It can be caused by a variety of substances, including excess cerebrospinal fluid, arachnoid cysts, tumors, and abnormal bone structure. In some cases, it may be caused by genetic...

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is diagnosed primarily through a physical examination and medical history. Your doctor may also order tests such as a cholesterol check, blood glucose levels, an electrocardiogram (ECG), a chest X-ray, or a stress test. These tests can help diagnose CHD, and can also...

Atrial flutter is a heart rhythm disorder that can be managed with treatment. However, there is no guarantee that it can be completely cured. Medication, lifestyle changes, and possibly ablation or surgery can help reduce symptoms and the risk of complications. It is important to work with your...

ALD patients lack a specific enzyme called ALD-associated arylsulfatase A (ARSA). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down fatty acids, and its absence leads to a buildup of these substances in the body, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including vision loss, hearing loss, nerve...

MND (motor neurone disease) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which can cause muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing. Stress is not a known cause of MND, however, it is believed that stress may play a role in triggering or exacerbating the symptoms of MND in...

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The exact cause of ALS is unknown, however, it appears to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research has indicated that those...

No, IGF-1 does not typically cause acromegaly. Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, which leads to an overproduction of growth hormone and an increase in IGF-1 levels. Although high IGF-1 levels can be a symptom of acromegaly, they are not the cause of...

No, ataxia-telangiectasia cannot be prevented. This is a genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the ATM gene. It is usually present from birth and inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that both parents carry the gene and must pass it on to their child in order for the...

Yes, asbestosis can get worse over time. Asbestosis is a chronic lung condition caused by long-term exposure to asbestos fibers. Over time, these fibers can cause scarring on the lungs which can lead to difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest pains. If left untreated, the scarring can get...

Yes, it is possible to reverse arthritis. There are several lifestyle changes that can be made to reduce the symptoms of arthritis, such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and getting adequate rest. Additionally, medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)...

Amphetamine is a psychotropic substance that has stimulant, euphoric, and hallucinogenic properties. It is widely used in the medical field to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used recreationally, and can be abused due to its euphoric and...

Yes, kidney cysts can be cured with medication, depending on the type and severity of the cyst. Medications such as diuretics and antibiotics can be prescribed to reduce the size of a cyst, while other more aggressive medications such as steroids and chemotherapy may be used to treat cysts that...

Atrial flutter is a type of abnormal heart rhythm caused by rapid, regular electrical signals in the atria of the heart. The goal heart rate for atrial flutter depends on the individual and can range from 100 to 160 beats per minute. Your doctor will determine the right heart rate for you based...

Fasting causes a decrease in calorie intake which may lead to weight loss, which in turn can make you appear physically younger. Additionally, fasting can help to reduce inflammation, which can contribute to a healthy and youthful appearance. Also, fasting can help to improve your skin health...

Sports can be an effective tool for social change. Through their public platforms, athletes can use their influence to promote positive change. For example, NBA players have used their platform to speak out against racism and advocate for social justice. Additionally, sports can be used to bring...

No, ALS cannot be prevented, as it is a neurological disorder that is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although there is no cure for ALS, there are treatments available to help manage symptoms and slow progression of the disease. A healthy lifestyle, including...

No, the anthrax shot does not hurt. The shot is typically administered with a needle and syringe, and is similar to any other kind of vaccination. It is important to note that there may be some discomfort in the injection site, but most people report that it is a very tolerable experience. There...