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Actinomyces are gram-positive bacteria that are commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female reproductive tract. They are known to be sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides. Additionally, they may be susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole...

Stage 1 of COPD Stage 1 of COPD, also known as mild COPD, is when a patient has a mild amount of airflow obstruction. Symptoms at this stage are usually mild and may include: shortness of breath, chronic coughing, and an increased amount of mucus production. This stage typically does not...

Clinical Manifestations of Adrenal Disorders Fatigue and Weakness Fatigue and weakness are common clinical manifestations of adrenal disorders. Patients may experience extreme fatigue and a lack of energy. This can be accompanied by a lack of motivation and difficulty concentrating. In some...

Subtitle: Main Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which a person has a lower than normal level of red blood cells due to a lack of iron in the body. It is one of the most common forms of anemia and can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue...

Polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (PES-1) is a rare, inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the AIRE gene. It is characterized by an autoimmune disorder, which causes the body’s immune system to attack its own tissues. Symptoms of PES-1 may include: Endocrine Symptoms Hypoparathyroidism – Low...

Subtitle: Medications that Reduce Dopamine Levels Certain medications can be used to reduce dopamine levels in the body. These medications are used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some of the common...

Depression is a serious mental illness that can have a significant impact on an individual’s life. If left untreated, the symptoms of depression can worsen and lead to more serious health problems. In this article, we will discuss what happens if depression is not treated. The Effects of...

Prenatal depression (PND) is a serious mental health condition that can have a significant impact on the mother, baby, and family if it is left untreated. It can cause a range of physical and mental health problems for both the mother and baby, including lower birth weight, premature birth, and...

A high risk HPV ASCUS result is a lab test result that indicates the presence of certain high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that can cause various types of cancer if left untreated. ASCUS stands for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, which is...

ASCUS is a category of cervical cells that are found during a Pap test. This category is considered to be a borderline change, meaning that the cells may not be normal. It is often referred to as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. ASCUS may be caused by HPV infection, but...

Subtitle: Common Causes of Abdominal Aneurysms Abdominal aneurysms are a serious medical condition in which an artery in the abdomen becomes widened or stretched. This type of aneurysm can be life-threatening if not treated properly, so it is important to understand the common causes and risk...

One example of prevention is to practice good hygiene. This includes washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. Additionally, wearing a face mask in public can help...

Thinking with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be challenging and confusing. Those who have ADHD often struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks, which can lead to difficulty in finishing assignments and paying attention to details. Additionally, those with ADHD may feel...

If you do not seek medical treatment for appendicitis, it can be life-threatening. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small organ located at the lower right side of the abdomen. Appendicitis can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. If left untreated, the appendix can...

At the start, penile cancer may not be recognizable. It may not cause any symptoms, or the symptoms may be very mild and go unnoticed. When symptoms do appear, they may include: Changes in Skin Color or Texture The skin of the penis may become discolored or thickened. It may also become scaly...

Causes of Outer Ear Canal Infection Outer ear canal infections, also known as otitis externa, can be caused by a variety of factors, including swimming, excessive ear cleaning, and trauma to the ear. Bacterial infections are the most common cause of outer ear canal infections, however, fungi...

A thrombus is a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel. It is made up of a mixture of platelets, fibrin, and red and white blood cells. Platelets are small fragments of blood cells that help the blood clot. Fibrin is a protein that helps to form a mesh-like structure around the platelets...

The COVID-19 virus is a novel virus that has caused a worldwide pandemic in 2020. This virus has had a major effect on the lungs of those infected, and can lead to severe respiratory illness. In this article, we will explore the effects of COVID-19 on the lungs, and discuss how to best protect...

Subtitle: Bone Necrosis on MRI Scan MRI scans are commonly used to diagnose bone necrosis, a condition in which the cells in the bones die due to lack of oxygen. Bone necrosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor circulation and injuries. On MRI scans, bone necrosis appears as...

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an inherited disorder that affects the hormone-producing glands, called the endocrine system. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including oral manifestations. In this article, we will discuss the oral manifestations of APS-1 and provide tips...