Blood Transfusion Basics
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which a person receives blood or blood components from another person. Blood transfusions are usually given to replace lost blood and restore normal blood levels after a surgery, accident, or other medical emergency. In some cases, a blood transfusion may also be used to treat a medical condition, such as anemia.
Red blood cells are the most commonly transfused component of blood. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body’s tissues and organs. They also help remove carbon dioxide and other waste products from the body.
Platelets are small cells that help the blood to clot. Platelets are often transfused to people who have a low platelet count due to a condition such as leukemia or an autoimmune disorder. Platelets can also be given to people who are at risk of bleeding, such as those who have had a major surgery or trauma.
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. Plasma contains proteins that help to regulate blood clotting and other bodily functions. Plasma is often used to treat people who have a deficiency of certain proteins, such as those with hemophilia.
What to Expect After a Blood Transfusion
Most people do not experience any side effects from a blood transfusion. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks, which include:
• Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions are rare, but they can occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include itching, hives, and difficulty breathing.
• Infection: Blood transfusions can transmit infections, including HIV, hepatitis, and other viruses. Blood banks test donated blood for these infections before it is given to a patient.
• Transfusion reaction: This occurs when the body reacts to the donor blood as if it were an infection. Symptoms of a transfusion reaction may include fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and difficulty breathing.
• Overload: This occurs when too much fluid is given in a transfusion. Symptoms may include rapid weight gain, shortness of breath, and swelling in the hands and feet.
Most people do not feel any different after a blood transfusion. However, some may feel more energetic and alert. This is due to the increase in oxygen-carrying red blood cells.
