Fifth disease is a common childhood illness caused by a virus known as parvovirus B19. It is also known as erythema infectiosum or “slapped cheek” syndrome due to the characteristic rash on the face. The disease got its name because it was the fifth of six common childhood diseases that were described in medical textbooks in the late 19th century.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The most common symptom of fifth disease is a bright red rash on the face, which gives the disease its “slapped cheek” nickname. The rash may also appear on the arms and legs. Other symptoms include fever, headache, cold-like symptoms, and joint pain. The rash can last for several days to weeks, and may be accompanied by joint pain and stiffness.
Fifth disease is usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and a physical examination. Blood tests may also be used to confirm the diagnosis. It is important to note that fifth disease is very contagious and can spread through contact with saliva, mucus, or respiratory secretions.
Treatment
Fifth disease is usually mild and does not require any specific treatment. It is important to rest and drink plenty of fluids to reduce symptoms. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to reduce fever and joint pain.
Complications
In rare cases, fifth disease can cause complications such as anemia, an infection of the heart, and a temporary decrease in red blood cells. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those taking certain medications, are at risk for developing more serious complications.
Prevention
Fifth disease can be prevented by avoiding contact with people who have the virus. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding sharing food or drinks. Vaccines are not available for fifth disease, but it can be prevented through good hygiene practices.
