Still's disease, also known as systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA), is a rare disorder characterized by high spiking fevers, rash, and arthritis. It was first described by British pediatrician George Frederic Still in the late 19th century. The disease is known as Still's disease because it was the first disorder of its kind to be identified.
Symptoms of Still's Disease
The primary symptom of Still's disease is the presence of recurrent episodes of fever, usually lasting for 2–3 days and recurring every 1–3 weeks. Other symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness; a salmon-colored, non-itchy rash; enlargement of the lymph nodes; and enlargement of the spleen and/or liver.
Diagnosis of Still's Disease
The diagnosis of Still's disease is based on the presence of the symptoms described above, as well as laboratory tests. Blood tests may show elevated levels of certain proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI scans may be used to detect inflammation and joint damage.
Treatment of Still's Disease
The primary treatment for Still's disease is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroids may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation. In some cases, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be recommended to reduce the activity of the immune system. Physiotherapy may be used to help maintain joint movement and prevent joint damage.