Actinomycosis, also known as "lumpy jaw," is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the soft tissue and bones of the jaw. It is caused by a type of bacteria called Actinomyces, which is found in the mouths of humans and animals. The infection usually starts with an injury to the jaw, such as a bite or a cut. Once the bacteria get into the wound, they start to multiply and cause an infection.
The infection can cause the jaw to swell up and form lumps, which is why it is known as “lumpy jaw.” These lumps can be painful and may make it difficult to open the mouth. Other symptoms of actinomycosis include fever, fatigue, and weight loss. In severe cases, it can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs and liver.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is usually diagnosed through a physical exam and a series of tests, such as blood tests or imaging tests. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and surgical removal of the affected tissue. In some cases, the infection may spread to other parts of the body, in which case further treatment may be necessary.
Preventing Actinomycosis
The best way to prevent actinomycosis is to practice good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing regularly. It is also important to seek medical attention if you have any injuries to your jaw or face, as these can provide an entry point for the bacteria. Finally, if you have a weakened immune system, it is important to take extra precautions to protect yourself from infection.