RLS, or Restless Leg Syndrome, is a neurological disorder that causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs or other parts of the body. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is typically more pronounced at night, causing disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue. There are several theories as to why RLS symptoms may worsen at night, and the following sections explore the potential causes.
Genetics
RLS is believed to have a strong genetic component, with 30-40% of those affected having a family history of the condition. Research has suggested that genetics can be a major contributing factor to why RLS is more severe at night. It is thought that certain genetic variants can cause nerve cells to be more overactive or hypersensitive at night, leading to increased symptoms.
Circadian Rhythm
Circadian rhythms are the body's internal clock that regulate sleep and wakefulness and other bodily functions. It is believed that the disruption of the circadian rhythm can cause RLS symptoms to worsen at night. Certain lifestyle factors such as shift work, jet lag, or working night shifts can all disrupt the body's circadian rhythm and lead to increased RLS symptoms.
Stress and Anxiety
Stress and anxiety can be major contributing factors to why RLS symptoms can worsen at night. Research has suggested that high levels of stress can increase the risk of developing RLS, as well as worsen existing symptoms. Additionally, anxiety can cause the body to become more sensitive to even small movements, making it difficult to relax and settle into a comfortable sleep.
Iron Deficiency
Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of RLS. Research has suggested that inadequate iron levels can lead to an increased risk of developing RLS as well as worsen existing symptoms. Iron is essential for the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that may play a role in the development of RLS. Low levels of dopamine can cause increased RLS symptoms, particularly at night.
Conclusion
RLS is a neurological disorder that causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs or other parts of the body. It is believed that several factors can contribute to why RLS symptoms may worsen at night, such as genetics, circadian rhythm disruption, stress and anxiety, and iron deficiency. It is important to speak to a healthcare professional if you are experiencing symptoms of RLS, as they can help to identify the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.