G6PD deficiency is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the G6PD enzyme gene. This mutation causes the body to produce an abnormal form of the enzyme, which is not able to adequately protect red blood cells from oxidative damage. When these cells are exposed to certain triggers, such as certain medications or infections, they become damaged or destroyed, leading to a condition known as hemolytic anemia.
What is G6PD Deficiency?
G6PD deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the body's ability to produce the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This enzyme is responsible for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. In people with G6PD deficiency, the enzyme is either absent or not functioning properly. As a result, the red blood cells are unable to protect themselves from damage caused by certain triggers.
What Triggers Hemolytic Anemia?
Hemolytic anemia is triggered by certain medications, infections, foods, and other environmental factors. Common triggers include certain antibiotics (such as sulfonamides), antimalarial medications, and fava beans. In people with G6PD deficiency, these triggers can cause red blood cells to be destroyed, leading to a rapid decline in red blood cell count and anemia.
How is G6PD Deficiency Treated?
The treatment for G6PD deficiency is typically focused on avoiding triggers and managing symptoms. People with G6PD deficiency should avoid medications, foods, and other triggers known to cause anemia. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms, such as red blood cell destruction. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be needed.
