Abscesses are pockets of infection that can occur anywhere in the body. They are caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or foreign material that gets into the body and is not able to be removed. An abscess can form when the body’s immune system is unable to clear the infection. This can happen when the body is exposed to infectious agents too quickly, or when the body’s own defenses are weakened by an illness or injury.
Causes of Abscesses
Abscesses can be caused by a variety of sources. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, though viruses, fungi, and parasites can also be responsible. Some of the most common causes of abscesses include:
• Infections caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
• Viral infections, such as herpes simplex
• Parasitic infections, such as those caused by Giardia lamblia or Entamoeba histolytica
• Fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans
• Trauma or injury
• Surgery
• Foreign objects, such as a splinter or insect bite
Risk Factors
Anyone can develop an abscess, but certain factors can increase your risk. These include:
• A weakened immune system due to illness or medication
• Poor hygiene
• Diabetes
• Poor nutrition
• Living in a crowded or unsanitary environment
Symptoms of an Abscess
The most common symptom of an abscess is a tender, swollen area on the skin that is warm to the touch. Other symptoms may include:
• Pain
• Redness
• Swelling
• Drainage of pus or other fluid from the area
• Fever
• Fatigue
Complications of Abscesses
If an abscess is not treated promptly, it can lead to serious complications. These include:
• Spread of the infection to other parts of the body
• Damage to nearby tissue
• Septic shock, which can be life-threatening
• Blood poisoning
Diagnosis and Treatment of Abscesses
An abscess can usually be diagnosed with a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess and possibly taking antibiotics. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
It’s important to seek prompt medical care for an abscess, as untreated abscesses can lead to serious complications.