Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While the exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, it is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition is usually first seen in childhood, but it can appear at any age.
What Causes Atopic Dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with atopic dermatitis are more likely to have a family history of allergies or asthma. Environmental factors such as pollution, dry skin, certain fabrics, soaps, and detergents can also trigger atopic dermatitis.
What Are the Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis?
The most common symptom of atopic dermatitis is dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Other symptoms may include redness, scaling, cracking, and swelling of the skin. The affected area may also ooze or weep. The itching can be intense and may lead to scratching, which can further irritate the skin and cause an infection.
How Is Atopic Dermatitis Diagnosed?
Atopic dermatitis is usually diagnosed based on the patient's history and physical examination. Skin biopsies may be taken to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.
How Is Atopic Dermatitis Treated?
Atopic dermatitis is usually treated with topical medications such as creams, ointments, and lotions. These medications can help reduce inflammation and itching. Oral medications such as antihistamines and steroids may also be prescribed to help reduce itching and inflammation. In severe cases, phototherapy or immunosuppressant medications may be used.
How Can Atopic Dermatitis Be Prevented?
There is no sure way to prevent atopic dermatitis, but there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition. These steps include avoiding triggers such as environmental pollutants, using mild soaps and detergents, and avoiding fabrics that irritate the skin. It is also important to keep the skin moisturized to reduce itching and inflammation.