Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the penis. It can occur at any age, but is most common in men over the age of 50. While the exact cause of penile cancer is unknown, certain risk factors have been identified, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, poor hygiene, smoking, and a weakened immune system.
Risk Factors
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: HPV is a common virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV are associated with a higher risk of developing penile cancer.
Poor hygiene: Poor hygiene can increase the risk of penile cancer. This can include not washing the penis regularly, not changing underwear regularly, and not cleaning the foreskin area.
Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing penile cancer.
Weakened immune system: Having a weakened immune system due to certain medical conditions, such as HIV or AIDS, can increase the risk of penile cancer.
Diagnosis
Penile cancer is usually diagnosed through a physical exam, as well as imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan. A biopsy may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for penile cancer will vary depending on the stage of the cancer and the individual's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.