Overview
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. OCD affects approximately 2.3% of the population, with men and women being affected equally.
Who is Mostly Affected?
OCD can affect people of all ages, including children. OCD also affects people of all races, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Although the exact cause of OCD is unknown, research suggests that genetics, brain structure and function, and environmental factors may all play a role.
Risk Factors
Research suggests that certain factors may increase a person’s risk of developing OCD. These include:
• Having a family history of OCD
• Having a history of abuse or trauma
• Having mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression
• Having a stressful life event
• Having a neurological disorder
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of OCD include:
• Intrusive thoughts or images
• Fear of contamination
• Excessive washing or cleaning
• Repetitive checking
• Ordering or arranging items
• Hoarding or collecting items
• Intense worry about making mistakes
• Unwanted sexual thoughts
• Excessive doubt or caution
Treatment
Treatment for OCD typically includes medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. Medication may include antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or antipsychotics. Psychotherapy may include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, or mindfulness-based approaches. In some cases, alternative treatments such as yoga or nutritional supplements may be helpful.
