Risk Factors
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are structural problems in the heart present at birth. They are the most common type of birth defect, affecting one in every 100 babies born in the United States each year. There are many different types of CHDs and the risk factors for each type can vary.
Genetic factors: Having a family history of CHD increases the risk of having a child with a congenital heart defect. Certain genetic syndromes, such as Down syndrome, are also associated with an increased risk of CHD.
Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as medications and toxins, during pregnancy can increase the risk of a baby being born with a CHD. Additionally, maternal nutrition, smoking, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy can also increase the risk.
Mother's health: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure, can increase the risk of a baby having a CHD. Having a viral infection during pregnancy can also increase the risk.
There are some risk factors that cannot be controlled, such as family history, genetic syndromes, and mother's health. However, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of having a baby with a CHD. These include avoiding alcohol and illegal drugs during pregnancy, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding certain medications, such as lithium and thalidomide. Additionally, pregnant women should be sure to get regular prenatal care to ensure the health of the baby.