Albinism is a rare, non-contagious, genetically inherited condition that occurs in all racial and ethnic groups. It is characterized by a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. Albinism is associated with vision problems, such as a heightened sensitivity to light and reduced visual acuity.
Who is Most at Risk for Albinism?
Albinism is caused by mutations in one of several genes. People with a family history of albinism are at greater risk of inheriting the condition. In addition, individuals with a close relative who has albinism are also at higher risk.
People with darker skin tones are particularly at risk for albinism due to the increased prevalence of the condition among these populations. Albinism is more common among Native Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics than among people of European descent.
Symptoms of Albinism
People with albinism typically have very light skin, hair, and eye color, which can range from white to yellow to beige. They may also have vision problems, such as a higher sensitivity to light, reduced visual acuity, and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).
Diagnosis and Treatment of Albinism
Albinism is typically diagnosed through a physical exam and genetic testing. Treatment for albinism typically involves protecting the eyes from the sun and using visual aids, such as magnifiers or telescopes, to improve vision. Medical management of vision problems may also be necessary.