Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease that occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the liver cells, leading to inflammation and damage. It is estimated that between 2 and 10 people per 100,000 are affected by this condition. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is unknown, but there are certain factors that may increase a person’s risk of developing it.
Risk Factors
There are several factors that may increase a person’s risk of developing autoimmune hepatitis:
• Family history: People with a family history of autoimmune hepatitis are more likely to develop the condition.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop autoimmune hepatitis than men.
• Age: The condition is most common in people between the ages of 15 and 40.
• Certain ethnicities: People of certain ethnicities, such as Native American and Hispanic, are more likely to develop autoimmune hepatitis.
• Certain medical conditions: People with certain medical conditions, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease, may be more likely to develop autoimmune hepatitis.
Diagnosis
Autoimmune hepatitis is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and liver biopsy. The blood tests may include tests that measure liver function, as well as tests that measure antibodies associated with the condition. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound and CT scans, may also be used to assess the extent of liver damage.
Treatment
Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis typically involves medications that suppress the immune system. These medications may include corticosteroids, such as prednisone, or other immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.
Prognosis
The prognosis for people with autoimmune hepatitis is generally good, especially if the condition is caught early and treated appropriately. With proper treatment, most people with autoimmune hepatitis can expect to lead a normal life.