Acromegaly is a rare condition caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults. It is typically diagnosed after the age of 40 and is more common in men than in women. People who are at risk for developing acromegaly include those who have a family history of the condition, as well as people who have certain genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex. In addition, people with tumors in the pituitary gland, such as a pituitary adenoma, are at increased risk for developing acromegaly.
Risk Factors for Acromegaly
Certain risk factors may increase a person’s chance of developing acromegaly. These include:
• Age: Acromegaly is more commonly seen in adults over 40.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop acromegaly than women.
• Family history: A person is more likely to develop acromegaly if they have a family member with the condition.
• Genetic disorders: People with certain genetic disorders, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex, are more likely to develop acromegaly.
• Pituitary tumor: A pituitary adenoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that can lead to the overproduction of hormones, including growth hormone, which can cause acromegaly.
Signs and Symptoms of Acromegaly
The signs and symptoms of acromegaly can vary from person to person and may include:
• Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features
• Coarse facial features
• Abnormal body hair growth
• Enlarged organs
• Severe headaches
• Visual disturbances
• Joint pain
• Fatigue
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Sleep apnea
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to contact your doctor to determine if you are at risk for acromegaly.
Diagnosing Acromegaly
If your doctor suspects that you may have acromegaly, they will order blood tests to measure the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). They may also order imaging tests, such as an MRI, to check for tumors in the pituitary gland. If a pituitary tumor is found, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove it.
Treating Acromegaly
Treatment for acromegaly typically involves medications to reduce the production of growth hormone and surgery to remove the tumor. Radiation therapy may also be used in some cases. In addition, lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and exercise, can help to manage the symptoms of acromegaly.