Subtitle: Edward Jenner and the Development of Vaccines
The invention of the vaccine is credited to English physician and scientist Edward Jenner, who in 1796 developed the first vaccine for smallpox. Jenner noticed that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox, a milder disease, were immune to the more serious infection of smallpox. From this observation, Jenner hypothesized that the cowpox infection was providing immunity to smallpox. He then tested his hypothesis by deliberately giving James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy, cowpox, followed by smallpox. The boy was immune to smallpox, proving Jenner's hypothesis. Jenner's discovery laid the groundwork for the development of vaccines against other diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella.