Demography
Thyroid cancer is most commonly found in women, with the highest rate of diagnosis occurring in those aged between 25 and 65. Women are almost three times more likely than men to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer, and it is the ninth most common cancer among women. Thyroid cancer is also more common among Caucasians than among African Americans or other ethnicities.
Geography
Thyroid cancer is more common in certain parts of the world than others. In the United States, the highest rates of thyroid cancer are found in states such as Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. In Europe, the highest rates of thyroid cancer are found in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.
Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing thyroid cancer. These include exposure to radiation, such as radiation therapy for other cancers, and certain genetic conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and Cowden’s disease. Those with a family history of thyroid cancer are also at an increased risk. Women are also more likely to develop thyroid cancer if they have had a prior history of goiter or have taken hormones such as oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Thyroid cancer is usually diagnosed through a physical exam, ultrasound, and/or a biopsy. Treatment for thyroid cancer typically involves surgery to remove the cancerous thyroid tissue, along with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy.