Personality Disorders and Eating Disorders
Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder have been increasingly recognized in recent years as serious mental health issues that can have a significant impact on an individual’s physical and mental wellbeing. Research has shown that personality disorders are commonly associated with eating disorders, and can play a role in the development, maintenance, and treatment of eating disorders.
Personality Disorder is a term used to describe a pattern of deeply ingrained and enduring behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that disrupt an individual’s ability to cope with everyday life and relationships. Personality disorders can be divided into three main categories: Cluster A (odd or eccentric disorders), Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders), and Cluster C (anxious or fearful disorders).
The most common personality disorders associated with eating disorders are Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD). People with BPD may display a pattern of unstable relationships, intense emotions, and impulsive behaviors. Those with APD may be overly sensitive to criticism and rejection, and may have difficulty forming and maintaining relationships.
Other personality disorders that have been associated with eating disorders include Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), and Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). People with NPD may display grandiosity and a sense of entitlement, while those with OCPD may exhibit perfectionism and a need for control. Those with HPD may display attention-seeking behaviors and may be excessively dramatic or emotional.
It is important to note that having a personality disorder does not necessarily mean that an individual will develop an eating disorder. Similarly, having an eating disorder does not necessarily mean that an individual will have a personality disorder. However, research has shown that personality disorders can play a role in the development, maintenance, and treatment of eating disorders. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to assess for personality disorders when treating individuals with eating disorders.