Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It causes parts of the spine to become inflamed, leading to pain and stiffness. The condition is most common in people of Northern European descent, but it can affect anyone, regardless of race or ethnicity.
Prevalence
Ankylosing spondylitis affects around 0.1% of the population worldwide. It is more common in men than in women, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. It’s estimated that up to 1.3 million Americans are living with AS.
Risk Factors
Certain genetic factors can increase the risk of developing AS. The disease is most common in people of Northern European descent, and it is estimated that up to 8% of people of this ethnicity carry the gene associated with AS. People with a family history of the condition are also more likely to develop it.
Diagnosis
AS is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Typically, a doctor will look for signs of inflammation in the spine, such as tenderness or stiffness. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, can help to confirm the diagnosis. Blood tests can also be used to identify markers of inflammation.
Treatment
There is no cure for AS, but there are treatments available to reduce pain and improve mobility. These include medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents. Physical therapy and exercises can also be used to help improve muscle strength and flexibility.