Sinus cancer, also known as sinonasal cancer, is a rare type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the sinuses, which are the small, air-filled cavities located behind the nose and between the eyes. The sinuses produce mucus that helps to keep the nose and throat moist and clean. Sinus cancer can start in any of the sinus tissue, but it most commonly begins in the cells that line the walls of the maxillary sinuses, which are located in the cheekbones.
There are several types of sinus cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The most common type of sinus cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the squamous cells that line the walls of the sinuses. This type of cancer tends to spread quickly and can be difficult to treat. Other types of sinus cancer are less common but can also be difficult to treat.
In many cases, the exact cause of sinus cancer is unknown. However, some factors can increase the risk of developing the disease, such as smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and having a weakened immune system. People who have a history of chronic sinus infections or who have had radiation therapy to the sinuses may also be at a higher risk.
Sinus cancer is usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI scans, as well as biopsies of the affected area. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Early detection and diagnosis are important for the successful treatment of this type of cancer.