Ankylosing spondylitis typically starts in the sacroiliac joints, which are located where the spine meets the pelvis. These joints are often affected first, followed by other areas of the spine. The joints of the ribs, hips, shoulders, and other peripheral joints may also be involved. Symptoms usually begin in the early twenties, but can start at any age. In some cases, the condition may not be apparent until the fourth or fifth decade of life.
Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Common symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis include pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips. The pain may worsen after periods of inactivity and improve with exercise. Other symptoms may include fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever. In some cases, people with ankylosing spondylitis may experience eye inflammation, which can lead to vision loss.
Diagnosing Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is typically diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. A doctor may also order laboratory tests to help rule out other conditions. X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can be used to assess the extent of the disease and to monitor its progression.
Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Other medications, such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologic agents, may be used if NSAIDs are not effective. In some cases, physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modifications may be recommended to help manage the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis.